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Face washing, also known as facial cleanliness or face cleansing, is a form of washing in order remove dirt, germs, oil, debris, and any unwanted materials on the face, possibly with the use of soap or cleansing agent and water. These dirt or unwanted substances from cosmetic products and the environment are hardly soluble in water. The addition of face cleansing products in daily face washing can help effectively eliminate undesirable materials by breaking them down into smaller particles. The practice of face washing originates from ancient times and possesses cultural significance. Its purpose then experiences changes and adaptations to societal developments. In humans, 4 main skin types were identified by Helena Rubinstein in the 1900s, and a variety of face washing products started to arise respective to the needs of each skin type. A person's skincare routine can employ different face washing products and techniques according to their needs. When face washing is not done well, or with unsuitable products used, possible risks can arise and affect the condition of the skin instead. Appropriate techniques can be applied to minimise any harm brought to the facial skin during face washing.
This is important for getting rid of pollutants, excess Sebaceous gland secretion, and other impurities that can clog the pores and lead to breakouts or skin problems, often common in oily skin types. Regularly cleansing the face can contribute to overall skin health by preventing the buildup of bacteria and reducing the risk of skin conditions such as acne, blackheads, and other blemishes.
Dry skin, also known as Xeroderma, describes the condition when skin appears to be dull and rough, with pores hardly to be seen. A person with dry skin is more prone to experiencing itch, and redness, as there is a reduced hydration in their skin.
Oily skin can be easily observed and identified by its enlarged pores and greasy appearance. It is closely related to excess sebum excretion, and can often lead to dermatologic issues like acne.
Combination skin is the most common skin type. It refers to a person's skin where some regions are dry and some regions are oily.
Sensitive skin is a special condition when a person's skin is hyperactive or hypersensitive towards external stimuli. With a weakened barrier in protecting the skin, stimuli like heat, pain, itch and electrical can have greater effect in individuals. This condition also results in a higher prevalence of suffering from cutaneous disorders like acne, rosacea, skin allergies and more.
Surfactant, also known as surface-active agents or emulsifiers, is the major component in common cleansers available for face washing products. It determines the main properties of the product and its washing effects. When a surfactant comes in contact with water, it shifts to an interface, which describes the area between the surfactant and skin, or the area between the surfactant and air. While this process occurs, it helps lower the tension in between layers, and encourages dirt particles and oil to come out as bubbles form. Surfactants can be in ionic, nonionic, or silicon-containing forms.
Cleansers can have a mixture of several surfactants to amplify its effects or foaming properties. Common surfactants include soap and synthetic detergents. While the addition of surfactants in facial cleansers is essential in removing unwanted materials, the skin barrier may be damaged as the lipid structures are being disrupted under the skin. This issue leads to the improvement of facial cleansers across time, hoping to lighten the damages brought by cleansers on the skin as much as possible.
Toners can be alcoholic which features denatured ethanol, or non-alcoholic. Toners with specific benefits such as anti-acne or botanically infused toners have observed rising opportunities in recent years. (1998). 9781853174780, Dunitz. ISBN 9781853174780
A compromised skin may also be more susceptible to germ infections and delayed healing. With a compromised protective barrier to your face, wounding may occur and it would introduce a myriad of microbes to the injury site. Upon disturbance of the epidermal barrier, existing wounds or skin injuries may take longer time to heal as well. The ability to regenerate and repair the skin becomes less efficient, prolonging the recovery time for cuts, abrasions, or acne scars.
Washing the face repetitively, especially with harsh cleansers or alkaline products, can disturb the skin's pH balance, negatively affecting the stratum corneum and its barrier functions, leading to increased water loss, dryness, heightened sensitivity, and a higher susceptibility to infections and skin disorders. It is important to use gentle cleansers with a pH that is close to the skin's natural pH to maintain a healthy skin barrier.
For individuals who experience allergic reactions after using new products, it is recommended to read ingredient labels carefully when purchasing facial cleansers and to consult a doctor if necessary.
When wetting the face, lukewarm water can allow the skin to open up and prepare for deep cleansing. A lather should be created while gently rubbing a small amount of the cleanser, followed by massaging the face in a circular motion. Remove cleanser from the face by rinsing and drying, by gently patting with a soft towel. It is important to incorporate this routine in daily face washing to preserve the health and appearance of the face.
Formulation of the cleanser should also be taken into consideration, such as foaming cleansers for oily or combination skin, cream cleansers for sensitive skin, and cleansing lotions for dry skin. Attention should be paid to the ingredients of the cleanser, and avoid harsh chemicals that can cause skin irritation. Professional advice should be sought if necessary.
Finding the right skincare product that caters to the skin's needs helps maintain overall skin health. It is important to remember that there is no universal product that works for everyone.
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